An introduction to hydroskeletons

Table of Contents

An introduction to hydroskeletons

Functional definition of a hydroskeleton

Requirements for a hydroskeleton

Generally, these types of animals have at least 2 pairs of musculature oriented in different directions, i.e. longitudinal and circular muscles.

Phyla with hydroskeletons

Nematoda (a pseudocoelomate phylum with a hydroskeleton)

Annelida (a coelomate phylum with a hydroskeleton)

Muscles among organisms with endo- and exoskeletons work as part of levers, providing the force.

Note how insect muscles also are connected across joints

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An introduction to hydroskeletons