PHYS 201 TEST
#4 11/21/12 DR. HOLMES NAME
Do all eight problems. The worth of each
problem is marked beside the space for the answer. All answers should be in MKS
units unless otherwise indicated. Show your work for partial credit. Work
should be under the problem, or clearly labeled on an extra sheet placed
underneath the top page of the test.
1) a) What is the gauge
pressure at a depth of 200 meters (650 ft) under water:?
in Nt/m²: 1.96 x 106 Nt/m2 in lb/in²: 285 lb/in2 in atmospheres: 19.41 atm.
b) If the ocean on a moon with acceleration
due to gravity at its surface of 2.1 m/s2 contained liquid methane
(density of 0.423 gm/cm3) instead of water, what would the gauge
pressure at the same depth be?
1.78 x 105 Nt/m2 .
2) a) If you have a
view plate on a submarine that is 200 meters below the surface (and subject to
the gauge pressure in problem 1a above), what is the force due to this pressure
on the view plate if the area of the view plate is 310 cm2 (circular
plate of radius 10 cm)?
In Nt: 60,760 Nt
In lbs: 13,640 lb.
b) If a moon probe was designed to sink in
an ocean of methane to a maximum depth of 200 meters (see problem 1b), how much
force should a view plate of area 310 cm2 on the probe be able to
support?
In Nt: 5,518 Nt.
In lbs: 1,239 lb.
3) A small artery of inside DIAMETER 0.70 mm
and length 3.5 cm carries blood. Assume the beginning and the end of the artery are at the same height.
a) If the pressure drop from the front to
the back of the artery is 7 mm Hg, what is the pressure drop expressed in Nt/m2 ?
930 Nt/m2
b) Assuming there is the above pressure
drop, and given that the viscosity of the blood is 4 x 10-3 Pl
(about four times that of water), what is the volume flow of blood per time
through the artery (assume laminar flow) expressed:
in m3/sec: 3.92 x 10-8 m3/sec
in cc/sec: 0.0392 cc/sec
c) Given that the density of blood is 1.05
gm/cc, by how much would the blood pressure decrease due to gravity by going up
a distance of 30 cm (from the heart to the head)?
In Nt/m2: 3,087 Nt/m2
In mm of Hg: 23.2 mm of Hg.
For problems 4 & 5, consider a house 50
ft x 30 ft x 8 ft with 1500 ft2 of floor (and ceiling) space and an
outside wall area of 1,280 ft2 (50 x 8 plus 30 x 8 plus 50 x 8
plus 30 x 8).
4)
Assume the outside walls have thermal insulation due to sheetrock and
fiberglass with a total value of R = 18 ft2*oF*hr/BTU. Assume the average inside temperature is 68oF
and the average outside temperature is 41oF. Ignore other sources of heat loss such as
through the ceiling, through the floor, via convection and radiation.
a)
What is the average heat loss per time (in
563 Watts
b) If the cost of energy is $0.095 / kW*hr,
what will the cost be for a month to replace the energy lost by conduction?
$38.51
c)
If the inside temperature is reset to 77o, what will the new
average heat loss per time (in
750 Watts.
5) For the house above (50 x 30 x 8):
a) What is the volume of air space in this
room?
in ft3 : 12,000
ft3; in m3
: 340 m3
Now assume the temperature in the room is
set to be 68oF.
b) Calculate the number of moles of air in
this house:
14,120 moles
c) Is the number of moles of air in the
house when the temperature is 41oF [more, the same, or less] than
when the temperature is 68oF ?
more.
d) Given that the heat capacity of air (at
constant pressure) is (7/2)*R, how much energy would it take to heat up the air
in this house from 41°F to 68°F ?
6.15 x 106 Joules = 1.71 kW-hr
e) At $.095 / kW-hr, what would this energy
cost?
$0.16 = 16 cents
f) If the air in this house is replace by
outside air at the rate of once every 3 hours, how much would it cost to keep
this house heated for one month assuming the outside temperature and inside
temperature remained constant during the whole month and assuming the outgoing
hot air did not warm up the incoming cold air?
(Neglect other sources of heat such as warm bodies and losses due to
radiation and conduction).
$38.97
6 a) How much energy does it take to heat up
355 cc's of water (12 fluid ounces) (1 cc = 1 milliliter = 1 gram) from 59oF
to boiling (212oF) ?
126,310 Joules = 30,175 calories
b) How much energy does it take to boil 355
cc's of water (if the water is already at 212oF) ?
802,456 Joules = 191,700 calories
c) If a person burns energy at the rate of
215 Watts, how much cool water (at 59o) is needed each hour to keep
the person cool by evaporation (assume no heat is lost by conduction or
radiation ?
296 cc/hr.
7) Assume a certain person has an average
skin temperature of 95°F and a skin area of 0.82 m2.
a) How much energy does this person radiate
per second (in
406 Watts
b) If the air temperature is 59°F, how much
heat energy per time does this person receive from the air due to radiation?
310 Watts
c) What is the net power lost or gained by
radiation by the person?
96 Watts lost.
8)
a) State the First Law of
Thermodynamics:
b)
Where does this law come from, that is, is it a re-statement of a
previous law?
c)
State the Second Law of Thermodynamics
d)
Where does this law come from?: